In 1953, the Cimenterie Nationale corporation was founded, starting as a cement production plant with one Kiln. Over the decades, more kilns were added as well as reconditioning of the cement production process, improving quantity and efficiency in this production [8]. Despite seeking to be sustainable and environmentally friendly, as well as being awarded with ISO Certificates (ISO 14001) for it [6], Cimenterie Nationale is still seen as a potential source of air pollution to many of the locals in Chekka. The presence of this facility along with other industrial and recreational activities have heavily affected the region, making Chekka the “most polluted city in the caza of Batroun” [7]. Many residents in the coastal areas complain about heavy emissions, and report cases of asthma or other respiratory problems, and a number of them leave Chekka [7] [12] [13] [14]. Many officials, including factory owners, put the blame on the Ministries of Environment and Health, since they claim that these ministries are adequately intervening to improve the living quality in Chekka [7]. It is difficult to prove causation, as with other environmental pollutants. The best studies have been conducted by the American University of Beirut, University of Balamand, and the Lebanese American University. As many scientists know, cement factories release emissions of Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide and Monoxide, some Nitrous Oxides, and above all, Particulate Matter [1] [4]. Being surrounded by coastal and mountainous villages [1], Chekka is already placed as a potential victim of concentrated air pollution geographically trapped within the area, especially when there is low wind. A journal article written by Rana Kobrossi and her colleagues looks into the Respiratory Health effects on young residents in different cities of Northern Lebanon, including Chekka, and in this study, they found associations between distance from factories and risk of coughs and phlegm (the closer they are to a cement factory, the higher the risk) [1]. Though the study focused more on children, along with the many factors that can affect the results, the results show that there was a higher prevalence of coughing, wheezing, and even bronchitis for those living close to the factories. Even those living a bit farther (in the region) reported cases of chronic coughing [1]. |