The waste derived from the metal extraction processes, in charge of the Canadian mining company Great Panther Silver, has been a matter of controversy since the beginning of its operations in 2005 [1]. In that year, the company used El Rosario mining company as a front company in order to take ownership of the most important mines in Guanajuato, such as San Ignacio, Guanajuatita, Cata, Rayas, and San Vicente; together, they form what is known as the Guanajuato Mining Complex [3].
The water quality in La Soledad and La Esperanza dams has diminished due to the spillway of iron, manganese, arsenic, and selenium; which starts from the dam in Cata and finally flows into La Purísima dam [1]. It is estimated that in La Purísima dam there are about 50 tailings dams, i.e., those formed from mining waste and which are highly unstable because they are composed of very fine sands; these pile up over time in large volumes, consequently acquiring a muddy consistency [1]. In addition, the Jolula tailing dam became a gigantic container of toxic waste, which is increasing by 300,000 tons per year [2].
Several complaints were made against Great Panther Silver regarding theft, fraud and crimes against nature; it is also estimated that at least 12 Guanajuatenses died in the mines under its responsibility, attributed to the negligence of the company and a lack of training of its personnel [3]. There were dozens of unjustified dismissals, as well as subway explosions that cracked homes and historic sites such as the neighbourhood in Cata.
In 2015, this Canadian mining company spilled around 1200 gallons of tailings in the Cata dam, the reason for which the National Water Commission (CONAGUA) gave them a fine whose amount amounted to two thousand pesos; an insulting amount while, that same year, they managed to extract 48,420 kg of silver and 599 kg of gold, which translates to 880 million Mexican pesos [2]. In addition, the inhabitants of that area of Guanajuato Capital are periodically sprayed with toxic dust from mining waste, which will remain for posterity, while on June 29, 2022, the Canadian mining company announced that it would sell all its mines to Guanajuato Silver Company Ltd., owned by the Canadian company Vangold Mining, for 320 million pesos [3]. This company is already in charge of the mines of El Mingüico and the mining complex of El Cubo, as a result of a purchase in 2021 from another Canadian mining company named Endeavor Silver; in addition, the operations of the Guanajuato Mining Complex will be resumed, since they were stranded since the end of 2021 due to the expiration of its extraction permit to avoid further waste disposal to the tailings dam of Jolula [3].
Currently, of the entire Guanajuato Mining Complex, the only mine capable of being exploited is San Ignacio, since the end of 2021 it was announced the closure of the Cata, Rayas and San Vicente mines, derived from the exhaustion of all metals; Guanajuatita mine was closed years before for the same reasons [3]. In turn, Guanajuato Silver Company Ltd. found silver and gold in the El Pingüico mine and hired a large number of Guanajuatenses for its extraction [3].
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