Pari Island is located in the Seribu Islands (The Thousand Islands) Regency, South Thousand Islands District, Pari Village, located two hours by boat from the sea port of Muara Angke in Jakarta. Pari Island has an area of approximately 42.3 hectares which are currently inhabited by 300 families with a total of 1100 residents. Pari Island, becam a tourist attractions in the Thousand Islands since 2010 and tourism became an integral part of of people's lives [1]. Management of tourism in Pari Island is in the hands of the community directly, with the arrangement carried out by the Coastal Tourism Forum in Pari Island as the official body that regulates Pari Island tourism. With good management, income from tourism can support other social services that run for the benefit of the community, because 5% of income from tourism managers from lodging rentals, snorkeling equipment rentals, boat rentals, and catering services will be deducted from the village treasury and used to support operational madrasa, mosque, infaq, funeral and other social activities. Pari Island residents have taken control of the land for generations to date. In the 1960s Pari Island residents registered land through girik, a customary title used for indigenous-owned lands [5] . However Girik (also known as Letter C) is not recognized as a document of ownership of land, as evidence of land title ownership (the tax authority stopped using girik in 1994). Currently this document can prove that the holder of the document is the person who controlled or use the land. From 1982 to 1985, the Tidung island village drew authentic gyros and land documents belonging to residents who had been registered, citing renewal, but until now there has been no renewal of land rights and no backing. Residents of Pari say that local officials romised a few years ago that they would receive land certificates after submitting the old papers that were informal records of the land they occupied.
They handed over their documents, but never did get the certificates.
In 2015 a company, PT Bumi Pari Asri (BPA), a subsidiary of Bumi Raya Utama Group, owned by a conglomerate named Adijanto Priosoetanto, made claims to own 90% of Pari Island on the basis of dozens of certificates published in 2015 and stated that they had acquired the land legally to develop Pulau Pari into a tourism area. In the beginning, Bumi Pari
Asri representatives offered local residents a partnership deal on tourism management. They promised them Rp 7 to 8 million ($513 to $587 USD) a month. But the locals eventually declined, since they felt the company didn’t contribute to the maintenance of the Perawan Beach. In Indonesia, private companies in fact don’t “own” land, but “own” the right to build and use the land. However, the government failed to adopt principles, such as Free, Prior and Informed consent by the community, before they issued the certificates and permits for the company to operate.
Since then residents have experienced various acts of intimidation and criminalization. In March 11, 2017 three fishermen were convicted for allegedly carrying out illegal levies on Perawan beach, Pulau Pari. The three were arrested by the Thousand Islands Police on March 11 and accused of extortion by charging a fee of Rp. 5,000 to tourists who want to enter the Pasir Perawan beach area. Two residents were reported with allegations of seizure of land owned by companies or unknown individuals. There were 132 heads of families who were threatened with criminalization with the article of taking over land owned by companies and unknown individuals. 19 houses have already been demolished and the evicted families received compensation of 171 USD per household – barely enough to move to another location let alone build a new home.
In 2017 there was a big clash with the police. The women united and made a human barricade to protect their land and avoid a billboard to be installed which claimed that the land was owned by the company. They never expected the police to use violence against women. Women have taken up a major role standing up to security guards.
In 2017 the locals filed a petition to get rid of PT BPA security officers from Pulau Pari stating that they make them feel insecure to live in their homes and also reported the North Jakarta National Land Agency (BPN) to the Indonesian Ombudsmen claiming they got intimidated in the land dispute. Pari Island residents are awaiting justice, freeing their land and living space from company claims that have been declared maladministration by the Indonesian Ombudsman in early
April 2018. The National Land Agency now has the power to revise the process and revoke the certificate, re-establishing the legitimate rights of the community. The government has the chance to prove its commitment, protect its own people and the environment and may include the case of Pulau Pari in the agrarian reform process, officially opened in September 2018.
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