the  indigenous  peoples’ rights on fishing. The Itelmen community of Kovran is located on the  Sea of Okhotsk coast. Itelmens are the most ancient   people    in    Kamchatka. The oldest settlements discovered by archaeologists show that Itelmens have lived in Kamchatka   for about 15000 years.[2]. Since ancient times the main occupation of the Itelmens was salmon and smelt fishing, and fish has traditionally been a year-round source of nutrition. In  summer,  the Itelmens  used  to catch  and  dry the  fish,  and  sour   it  in   special   pits 

for   the   long  winter     ahead.  For    smelt     fishing, they would use traps that woukd catch thefish without human intervention  Fish was fed also o dogs, historically the only form   of    local    transportation. Their    main    holiday was   spring    celebrations    when   the first   salmon   appeared  in   the   rivers,  followed,   in   the  

fall,   by the Alhalalalay holiday to thank the Earth for its gifts. The Itelmens   have  lived   across the whole  Kamchatka Peninsula. Due to conflicts, diseases and assimilation into the Russian Empire and   the   Soviet  Union,   the   Itelmens’ population declined dramatically over  time. Kovran   village was   a  centre for     the     forcible  resettlement of indigenous   population  in   the   Soviet  regime. Some years after the end of the Soviet Union in 1990, the village teamed     up      with      the    regionall government to establish a traditional territory,    called   “Thsanom”,    which became   the   first  official   territory in Russia    specially    designed for development of indigenous  peoples’   traditional     economy,  culture and  governance. Based on that experience, the   Federal   Government  of   Russia later   developed  the special federal law   “On    territories    of traditional nature use of  small-numbered     indigenous     peoples of the Russian  North,   Siberia  and   the  Far East”. Later this was disbanded [2].