In 2001 Minera Majaz S. A., a subsidiary of the English company Monterrico Metals, obtained eight concessions in the North of Peru, including the 6,472 hectares Rio Blanco mine for the exploitation of copper and molybdenum. |
A copper mine in Piura, owned by British and later Chinese firms. Court case in London, and local successful referendum in 2007 against the project.
Description:
Basic Data
| Name of conflict: | Rio Blanco Mine Majaz/Rio Blanco Copper S. A., Peru |
| Country: | Peru |
| State or province: | Piura and Cajamarca |
| Location of conflict: | Huancabamba, Ayabaca / San Ignacio |
| Accuracy of location | HIGH (Local level) |
Source of Conflict
| Type of conflict: 1st level: | Mineral Ores and Building Materials Extraction |
| Type of conflict: 2nd level : | Mineral ore exploration |
| Specific commodities: | Molybdenum Copper Rare metals |
Project Details and Actors
| Project details: | The project extends over more than 6.000 hectars. At planned production rates, Rio Blanco would be amongst the 20 largest copper mines in the world, producing on average of 191,000 tonnes of copper per annum and 2,180 tonnes of molybdenum per annum during the first five years. |
| Project area: | 6,000 |
| Level of Investment: | 1440000000 |
| Type of population | Rural |
| Affected Population: | 25,000 |
| Start of the conflict: | 2002 |
| Company names or state enterprises: | Majaz S.A. Mine from Peru Monterrico Metals plc Zijin Consortium (Xiamen Zijin Tongguan Investment Development) from China |
| Relevant government actors: | Municipality of Huacabamba - Peru, Municipality of Sndor - Peru, MEM - Peru, Ombudsman - Peru, PNP - Peru |
| Environmental justice organizations (and other supporters) and their websites, if available: | CONACAMI - Peru, FDSFNP - Peru, Rondas Campesinas, Farming Communities of Segunda and Cajas - Peru, Asociación de Mujeres Protectoras de los Páramos AMUPPA, Provincial Federation of peasant vigilantes of Huancabamba - Peru, Front for the Defence of Life and Environment of Huancabamba - Peru, CEPICAFE - Peru, Professors Association of Huancabamba - Peru, Frente por el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Frontera Norte del Perú (FDSFNP), Oxfam America |
Conflict and Mobilization
| Intensity | HIGH (widespread, mass mobilization, violence, arrests, etc...) |
| Reaction stage | PREVENTIVE resistance (precautionary phase) |
| Groups mobilizing: | Farmers Indigenous groups or traditional communities International ejos Local ejos Local government/political parties Social movements |
| Forms of mobilization: | Involvement of national and international NGOs Lawsuits, court cases, judicial activism Public campaigns Referendum other local consultations Street protest/marches Strikes |
Impacts of the project
| Environmental Impacts | Potential: Air pollution, Biodiversity loss (wildlife, agro-diversity), Food insecurity (crop damage), Loss of landscape/aesthetic degradation, Soil contamination, Deforestation and loss of vegetation cover, Surface water pollution / Decreasing water (physico-chemical, biological) quality, Groundwater pollution or depletion |
| Health Impacts | Visible: Mental problems including stress, depression and suicide, Violence related health impacts (homicides, rape, etc..), Deaths |
| Socio-economical Impacts | Visible: Increase in Corruption/Co-optation of different actors, Displacement, Increase in violence and crime, Lack of work security, labour absenteeism, firings, unemployment, Loss of livelihood, Loss of traditional knowledge/practices/cultures, Militarization and increased police presence, Violations of human rights, Land dispossession |
Outcome
| Project Status | Proposed (exploration phase) |
| Conflict outcome / response: | Criminalization of activists Deaths, Assassinations, Murders Court decision (victory for environmental justice) Negotiated alternative solution Repression Strengthening of participation New Environmental Impact Assessment/Study Withdrawal of company/investment Project temporarily suspended |
| Development of alternatives: | More than 90 percent of farmers opposed the Majaz Rio Blanco project and asked the Government to respect their decision. The census was over 17,000 people in the districts of Ayabaca, Pacaipampa, and Carmen de la Frontera in Piura, they voted overwhelmingly September 16, 2007, to reject investment in the nearby Majaz copper mine of the Rio Blanco project. July 28, 2011 Monterrico Metals Plc., a British company that owns Ro Blanco Copper S.A., previously known as Minera Majaz S.A., agreed to compensate 32 farmers tortured at the mining camp and the relatives of a farmer who died, both of which occurred between August 1 and 3, 2005. The company agreed to compensate the farmers so that the plaintiffs would put an end to the lawsuit filed in June 2009 with the British High Court against Monterrico Metals Plc., in its capacity as parent company of Rio Blanco Copper S.A. In 2012, a new lawsuit against the Peruvian Police for torture against peasants in the same 2005 case, has started. |
| Do you consider this an environmental justice success? Was environmental justice served?: | Yes |
| Briefly explain: | In 2012, Rio Blanco S.A. company was trying to start exploitation, while the Frente por el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Frontera Norte del Per FDSFNP, of municipalities, districts, communities and Rondas Campesinas and other organizations of the provinces of Huancabamba and Ayabaca (Piura) and provinces of San Ignacio and Jaen (Cajamarca)opposed the project. The Monterrico company was brought to court in London for tortures to local peasant, and had to pay for damages. A successful local referendum against the project took place. |
Sources and Materials
| Related laws and legislations - Juridical texts related to the conflict |
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| References to published books, academic articles, movies or published documentaries |
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| Links to general newspaper articles, blogs or other websites |
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| Related media links to videos, campaigns, social network |
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| Other documents |
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Meta information
| Contributor: | Lucie Greyl & Joan Martinez Alier |
| Last update | 30/12/2015 |
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