Hydro Power Plant Lukovo Pole, National Park Mavrovo, Macedonia
Description
The Lukovo Pole Renewable Energy Project (LPREP) on the Korab mountain range in Northwest Macedonia was proposed by JSC ELEM in December 2010. LPREP is part of bigger ELEM Vardar Valle project. LPREP will divert water from the Radika River and its tributaries through three existing Macedonian Hydro Power Plants: “Vrben” (a run-of-river plant upstream of Mavrovo lake), and “Vrutok” and “Raven” (dam-storage plants downstream of the lake). Namely, the water from Korab catchment will be transferred to Lukovo Pole storage and Crn Kamen River via a 20 km long pipe system. The storage will be generated by construction of a 70 m high dam at Lukovo and would have capacity of about 39 million m3. Besides, the LPREP includes construction of new small hydro-power plant Crn Kamen of about 5 MW. Total energy generation from this project is expected to be 160 GWh/year. The LPREP’s main investor JSC ELEM was granted with a World Bank loan. The World Bank explains its involvement in the project due to the importance of increasing Macedonia’s reliance on renewable energy. As the LPREP project is situated in the territory of the Mavrovo National Park, the Macedonian environmental CSOs claim the project will negatively impact on the Dlaboka Reka (one of the Radika river tributaries) whose valley is characterized as a fragile ecosystem of unique ancient beech forest, while the storage will cover parts of alpine meadows important in terms of plant biodiversity. Besides, the project will disturb the habitat of the only remaining population of the endangered species of the Balkan lynx (Lynx lynx ssp. Balcanicus). According to CSOs, during the Project preparations, the locality in NP Mavrovo where the HPP is planned to be constructed was downgraded from a strictly protected area (no activities allowed) to an “area with sustainable use” ( construction allowed). In their opinion the project will violate the Law on Nature Protection, Natura 2000, and the Bern, Bonn and Rio conventions. CSOs and local villagers also criticized the lack of the public participation in the decision making process of LPREP and emphasized that the construction of the HPP Lukovo Pole will cause water scarcity in the Radika river neighboring villages, including changes in the local activities and cultural identity. The project has an international dimension, as it would include changing the local hydrology and diverting river water from the Adriatic to the Aegean drainage basin. This has provoked fear among Albanian citizens and political opposition that the Radika River diversion might reduce the flow of water to their HPPs. Several protests of “Alliance against the diversion of the river” have been organised in front of the Albanian government in Tirana asking from their ministry of foreign affairs to explain the case. According to the opposition, the project violates the current legal framework -the river Drim contract- signed by Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Kosovo and Montenegro in 2011. In December 2015, the WB withdrew its funding for the HPP Lukovo Pole. |
Basic Data
| Name | Hydro Power Plant Lukovo Pole, National Park Mavrovo, Macedonia |
| Country | Macedonia, FYR |
| Site | Mavrovo, Rostusha and Gostivar |
| Accuracy of Location | HIGH local level |
Source of Conflict
| Type of Conflict (1st level) | Water Management |
| Type of Conflict (2nd level) | Interbasin water transfers/transboundary water conflicts Dams and water distribution conflicts |
| Specific Commodities | Electricity |
Project Details and Actors
| Project Details | The water from the Radika River will be guided through a 20 km long covered feeder channel. Lukovo Pole reservoir will have storage capacity of 39 million m3; Dam height of about 70 m high; Max daily flush: 6 m³/s More then 20 km of road will widened and bitumised; Directly affected area inside Mavrovo NP: 3,546 ha. The additional water diverted through Mavrovo River cascade will result in generation of extra 150-MW in HPP Vrutok, 19.2-MW in HPP Raven, and 12.8-MW in HPP Vrben. The Project will provide additional 77Mm3/year to existing HPP. Mature population Balkan lynx is estimated to count less than 50 individuals. |
| Project Area (in hectares) | 150 |
| Level of Investment (in USD) | 83,000,000 |
| Type of Population | Rural |
| Potential Affected Population | 10,000 |
| Start Date | 2011 |
| End Date | 07/12/2015 |
| Company Names or State Enterprises | JSC "MACEDONIAN POWERPLANTS" -ELEM (ELEM) from Macedonia, FYR - Investor, granted with the World Bank loan Poyry from Finland - Contracted to perform environmental and social impact assessments |
| Relevant government actors | The Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Macedonia |
| International and Financial Institutions | The World Bank (WB) from United States of America - Investor |
| Environmental justice organisations and other supporters | Front 21/42: http://www.front.org.mk/main_eng.php; EkoSvest: http://www.ekosvest.com.mk/ |
The Conflict and the Mobilization
| Intensity of Conflict (at highest level) | MEDIUM (street protests, visible mobilization) |
| When did the mobilization begin | PREVENTIVE resistance (precautionary phase) |
| Groups Mobilizing | International ejos Local ejos Local government/political parties Neighbours/citizens/communities Foreign political parties and citizents |
| Forms of Mobilization | Creation of alternative reports/knowledge Development of a network/collective action Involvement of national and international NGOs Objections to the EIA Official complaint letters and petitions Public campaigns Street protest/marches |
Impacts
| Environmental Impacts | Potential: Biodiversity loss (wildlife, agro-diversity), Loss of landscape/aesthetic degradation, Deforestation and loss of vegetation cover, Surface water pollution / Decreasing water (physico-chemical, biological) quality, Large-scale disturbance of hydro and geological systems, Reduced ecological / hydrological connectivity |
| Health Impacts | Potential: Mental problems including stress, depression and suicide |
| Socio-economic Impacts | Potential: Loss of landscape/sense of place, Loss of livelihood, Loss of traditional knowledge/practices/cultures |
Outcome
| Project Status | Stopped |
| Pathways for conflict outcome / response | Under negotiation Project cancelled Withdrawal of company/investment |
| Development of Alternatives | CSOs demand from the World Bank and the Macedonian government abandoning the idea for this project. |
| Do you consider this as a success? | Yes |
| Why? Explain briefly. | The WB decided not to finance construction of the HPP Lukovo Pole. |
Sources and Materials
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| Other Comments | The Macedonian government is planning to construct 19 new hydro-power plants on the rivers of Mavrovo National Park, the HPPs Lukovo Pole and Boškov Most are the two biggest. |
Meta Information
| Contributor | Jovanka Spiric, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, vankajo(at)gmail.com |
| Last update | 18/05/2016 |
Images |
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The river Crn Kamen where Lukovo Pole dam will be situated
Location of the dam under the project Lukovo Pole
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